Inkomba yokunikeza umbala idlala indima ebalulekile emhlabeni wokukhanya. Le metric engukhiye ikutshela ukuthi ukukhanya kuwubonisa kanjani umbala wangempela wento, isiza abasebenzisi baqonde ikhwalithi nokusebenza komthombo wokukhanya.
Ukuqonda i-CRI kungakusiza wenze ukukhetha okulungile kokukhanyisa ekusetheni kwakho. Le bhulogi ichaza yonke imininingwane odinga ukuyazi nge-CRI.
Incazelo eyisisekelo ye-CRI
I-CRI, noma Inkomba Yokunikezela Ngombala, isilinganiso sekhono ledivayisi yokukhanyisa ukukhiqiza kabusha imibala yangempela yento uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhanya kwelanga kwemvelo. Ibanga lenani le-CRI lingu-0 kuye ku-100, futhi uma inani liphezulu, liba namandla amandla omthombo wokukhanya okukhiqiza kabusha imibala. Uma ububanzi bubonisa inani elingu-100, kusho ukuthi ukukhanya kunokunikezwa kombala okuphelele, okufanayo nokukhanya kwemvelo.
Indlela yokubala i-CRI?
I-CIE yaqala ukwethula umqondo we-CRI emhlabeni ngo-1965. Ukubalwa kwe-CRI kusekelwe kumazinga abekwe yi-International Commission on Illumination (CIE). Ngokukhethekile, ngokukhanyisa umthombo wokukhanya kusethi yamasampuli ombala ajwayelekile, izinga lokuchezuka kombala liyalinganiswa. Onjiniyela basebenzisa umehluko phakathi kokukhanya kokuhlola kanye nereferensi yamasampuli ombala ayisishiyagalombili ajwayelekile. Babala umehluko ekubukekeni kombala ukuze ekugcineni bathole inani le-CRI. Umehluko omncane, i-CRI ephezulu.
Ungalinganisa kanjani i-CRI?
I-CRI ivamise ukubalwa kusetshenziswa ukuhlaziywa kombala wokuhlola kwe-CIE-1974. Iqukethe amasampula emibala ayi-14. Amasampula ombala wokuqala ayi-8 abizwa nge-TCS. I-TCS isetshenziselwa ukukala i-CRI eyisisekelo. Iqukethe amasampula emibala ethambile efana noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka omaphakathi, ophuzi-oluhlaza okotshani, ophuzi ngokumpunga, nobomvu ngokukhanyayo nokumpunga. Amasampula emibala ayi-6 kwayi-14 asele asetshenziselwa ukukala ukuhlaziywa kwemibala ethile.
Ungakwazi ukukala inkomba yokunikeza umbala ngokulandela lezi zinyathelo ezilula:
- Khetha umthombo wokukhanya wereferensi: Qiniseka ukuthi ukukhanya kokuhlola nokukhanya okuyireferensi kunezinga lokushisa lombala elifanayo.
- Khanyisa isampula yombala: Hlola ukukhanya kwe-TCS kokukhanya kokuhlola nokukhanya okuyisethenjwa.
- Qhathanisa ukunikezwa kombala: Bala umehluko wombala ngokufanisa amasampula okukhanya okuyisethenjwa nokukhanya kokuhlola.
- Bala i-CRI: Linganisa umehluko bese unikeza inani lesikolo se-CRI (0-100) sokukhanya kokuhlola.
Kungani i-CRI ibalulekile kubakhiqizi be-luminaire?
Abakhiqizi be-Luminaire badinga ukuhlinzeka ngemithombo yokukhanya ngenkomba yokunikeza enombala ophezulu ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi abasebenzisi bangathola ukubona kombala okunembile.
Nazi izizathu ezichaza ukubaluleka kwe-CRI:
- Ukubona umbala okunembile: Izindawo ezifana nezikhungo zezokwelapha, izindawo zobuciko, izitudiyo zokuthwebula izithombe, nezitolo zezitolo zidinga amalambu aphezulu e-CRI. Lokhu kubasiza ukuthi babone imibala yangempela yezinto.
- Ukunethezeka okubonakalayo okuthuthukisiwe: Izibani eziphezulu ze-CRI zinikeza isipiliyoni sokukhanyisa kwemvelo, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa ukukhathala kwamehlo.
- Ubuhle obuthuthukisiwe: Izindawo ezinemiklamo emihle yezakhiwo zidinga amalambu aphezulu e-CRI ukuze kuthuthukiswe ubuhle buphelele balezi zindawo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-CRI Ezimeni Ezihlukene
Isilinganiso esidingekayo se-CRI siyahlukahluka kuye ngohlelo lokusebenza. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izindawo ezahlukene zidinga ububanzi obuhlukene be-CRI ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhanya kwazo.
Ukukhanyisa Kwezindawo Zokuhlala: Izibani ezisetshenziswa ezindaweni okuhlalwa kuzo kumele zibe ne-CRI engu-80 noma ngaphezulu. Lesi silinganiso siqinisekisa ukuthi ubona amathoni eqiniso emihlobiso, ifenisha, nezilungiselelo.
Ukukhanyisa Okudayisa: Izitolo zokudayisa kufanele zisebenzise amalambu ane-CRI engu-90 noma ngaphezulu. Ukubukeka kweqiniso nemibala egqamile yemikhiqizo iheha amakhasimende amaningi futhi ikhulise ukuthengisa kwakho.
Amagalari Ezobuciko Namamnyuziyamu: Izindawo ezinjalo zidinga amalambu e-CRI aphezulu (anesilinganiso esingu-95 noma ngaphezulu) ukuze abonise imibala enembile nokubukeka kwemisebenzi yobuciko.
Izithombe kanye namavidiyo: Ezitudiyo zokuthwebula izithombe, izibani kufanele zibe ne-CRI ephezulu ukuze zithwebule imibala enembile yezinto nabantu.
Izinsiza Zezokwelapha Nezamazinyo: Odokotela badinga ukukhanya okukhanyayo okune-CRI ephezulu ukuze bakwazi ukuhlonza izimbangela zeziguli zabo futhi benze ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo.
Izimboni kanye Nezokukhiqiza: Lezi zindawo futhi zidinga amalambu aphezulu e-CRI ukuze kutholwe amaphutha nokukhubazeka emikhiqizweni kusenesikhathi.
Ukuqhathaniswa kwe-CRI nezinye izinkomba zokusebenza komthombo wokukhanya
1. I-CRI kanye nezinga lokushisa lombala (CCT)
Kokubili izinga lokushisa lombala kanye ne-CRI yizici ezibalulekile ezithinta ukusebenza kwemithombo yokukhanya, kodwa zikala izici ezihlukene. Izinga lokushisa lombala (CCT, Correlated Color Temperature) lichaza umbala womthombo wokukhanya, njengokukhanya okufudumele (2700K) noma ukukhanya okupholile (5000K), kuyilapho i-CRI igxile ekunembeni kokukhiqizwa kombala komthombo wokukhanya. Umthombo okhanyayo ungaba nakho kokubili izinga lokushisa lombala ophezulu kanye nenkomba yokunikeza yombala ophezulu, noma ungase ube nokunikeza umbala okungekuhle ezingeni lokushisa lombala ophezulu.
2. I-CRI nokusebenza kahle okukhanyayo
Ukusebenza kahle okukhanyayo kubhekisela ekusebenzeni kahle kwamandla komthombo wokukhanya, ngokuvamile kulinganiswa ngamalumens ngewathi ngayinye (lm/W). Imithombo yokukhanya esebenza kahle kakhulu ayisho ngempela i-CRI ephezulu, futhi amanye amalambu okonga amandla athuthukisa ukusebenza kahle okukhanyayo ngezindleko zokunikezwa kombala. Ngakho-ke, ngenkathi siphishekela ukonga amandla, ukubaluleka kwe-CRI akukwazi ukushaywa indiva.
3. I-CRI kanye nokuchezuka kwe-chromaticity (Duv)
I-Duv ipharamitha esetshenziselwa ukukala ukuchezuka kwechromaticity komthombo wokukhanya, okubonisa umehluko phakathi kombala womthombo wokukhanya nokukhanya okumhlophe okufanelekile. Nakuba i-CRI ingakala ikhono lokukhiqiza kabusha kombala, i-Duv ingabonisa ukuthambekela kombala okuphelele komthombo wokukhanya. Ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezinembayo, i-Duv ne-CRI zidinga ukucatshangelwa ndawonye.
Ukuqhathaniswa kwamanani e-CRI emithombo yokukhanya evamile
1. Izibani ze-LED
Izibani ze-LED zingenye yemithombo yokukhanya esetshenziswa kakhulu ezikhathini zanamuhla, futhi amanani azo e-CRI ngokuvamile aphakathi kuka-80-90. Izibani ze-LED ezisezingeni eliphezulu zingafinyelela i-CRI engaphezu kuka-90, elungele izigcawu zokukhanyisa ezisezingeni eliphezulu.
2. Izibani ze-Fluorescent
I-CRI yamalambu endabuko e-fluorescent ngokuvamile iphakathi kuka-70-85. Nakuba umthelela wokonga amandla muhle, ukusebenza kwawo kokunikeza umbala kuphansi uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi ayizilungele izikhathi ezinezidingo eziphakeme zokukhiqiza imibala.
3. Izibani ze-incandescent
Inani le-CRI lamalambu e-incandescent lisondele ku-100, elingase libuyisele ngokuphelele umbala weqiniso wezinto. Kodwa-ke, izibani ze-incandescent zinamandla aphansi futhi ziyaqedwa kancane kancane.
Imikhawulo ye-CRI
I-CRI ithathwa njengethuluzi lokulinganisa eliwusizo, kodwa futhi inemikhawulo ethile.
- Imibala yesampula enomkhawulo: Imiphumela ye-CRI empeleni isekelwe kumasampuli emibala ayi-8 kuphela. Lokhu akumeleli ububanzi bemibala emhlabeni wangempela.
- Isisindo esilinganayo: Wonke amasampula ombala angu-8 we-CRI anesisindo esifanayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ayikwazi ukumela ukubaluleka kwemibala ethile ezinhlelweni ezithile.
- Ukuncika kwezinga lokushisa lombala: Imiphumela ye-CRI ingashintsha ngokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa lombala. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinamazinga okushisa ahlukene azikwazi ukubonisa i-CRI enembile.
- Ukuntuleka kolwazi lokugcwala: Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zidinga ukugcwaliswa kwesikhala, futhi i-CRI ayinalo ikhono lokulinganisa ukugcwala kombala.
Ungayikhetha kanjani i-CRI efanele yokukhanyisa?
Khetha ngokuya ngesimo sohlelo lokusebenza
Izimo ezahlukahlukene zinezidingo ezihlukile ze-CRI. Lapho ukhetha izibani, kubalulekile ukucabangela izidingo ezithile zesimo sohlelo lokusebenza. Ngokuvamile:
Ukukhanyisa kwasekhaya:I-CRI ≥80
Isibonisi sezentengiso:I-CRI ≥ 90
Izindawo zokusebenza ezichwepheshile (njengezokwelapha, ukuthwebula izithombe):I-CRI ≥ 95
Ukuze ukhethe ukukhanya okulungile, udinga ukulandela izici ezithile ukuze uzuze ukunikezwa okungcono kombala:
Izinga lokushisa lombala: Qiniseka ukuthi izinga lokushisa lombala lomthombo wokukhanya okhethiwe lifanele indawo yakho. Isibonelo, ukukhanya okufudumele kusetshenziselwa amakhaya futhi ukukhanya okumhlophe okukhanyayo kusetshenziselwa izindawo zokuhweba.
Ubuchwepheshe bokukhanyisa: Sicela ukhethe ubuchwepheshe obufanele ngendlela efanele, njengoba isibani ngasinye sinamazinga e-CRI ahlukene.
Ukucaciswa komkhiqizi: Ngaso sonke isikhathi hlola ukuthi isibani osikhethayo siqinisekisiwe futhi sihlolelwe ukunemba kwe-CRI.
Amathrendi Akusasa Ekunikezeni Umbala
Imboni yokuhlinzeka ngemibala ibilokhu ithuthuka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ucwaningo oluqhubekayo luhloselwe ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zalo zokulinganisa.
- Amamethrikhi athuthukile: Amayunithi afana ne-CQS ne-TM-30 ahlinzeka ngemiphumela yokunikeza imibala enemininingwane eminingi nenembile. Ngakho-ke, baziwa kangcono kune-CRI.
- Ukukhanyisa okugxile komuntu: Onjiniyela bagxile ekudaleni ukukhanya okugxile kumuntu. Zinamandla angcono okunikeza imibala futhi azinangozi empilweni yomuntu.
- Izixazululo zokukhanyisa ezihlakaniphile: Izibani ezihlakaniphile zinikeza abasebenzisi ukulawula okugcwele phezu kwe-CRI yabo nezinga lokushisa lombala. Lokhu kubenza bakwazi ukwenza ngokwezifiso ukukhanya ngokwezidingo zabo.
- Ukukhanyisa okusimeme: Isizukulwane sanamuhla sigxile kakhulu ekusebenziseni imishini esimeme. Amalambu amasha e-eco-friendly anikezela ngombala ongcono.
Isiphetho
Umuntu udinga ukuqonda i-CRI ngaphambi kokwenza izinqumo ezifanele zokukhanyisa. Lokhu kumane kusho indlela obona ngayo into ekukhanyeni kwangempela; lezi zibani zizokukhombisa ukuthi into izobukeka kanjani ngendlela efanayo ngaphansi kokukhanyisa kwayo. Okunye ukusetha kudinga izibani eziphezulu ze-CRI, kuyilapho ezinye zidinga izibani eziphansi ze-CRI. Ngakho-ke, kufanele wazi ukuthi uzibeka kuphi izibani nokuthi kungani. Ngale ndlela, ungenza isinqumo esifanele lapho ukhetha i-CRI efanele.
At XINSANXING, sinikeza izibani zekhwalithi ephezulu ezihlolwe i-CRI. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe, sicela uvakashele iwebhusayithi yethu noma usithinte nge-imeyili.
Uma Usebhizinisini, Ungase Uthande
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-16-2024