Hamwe niterambere ryihuse ryisoko ryamatara ya LED, icyemezo cyibicuruzwa cyabaye kimwe mubintu byingenzi byinjira mumasoko mpuzamahanga.
Icyemezo cyo kumurika LED gikubiyemo amategeko ngenderwaho byateguwe nezaLED Itaraibicuruzwa kugirango byubahirize. Itara ryemewe rya LED ryerekana ko ryanyuze mubishushanyo mbonera, gukora, umutekano no kwamamaza ibicuruzwa byinganda. Ibi nibyingenzi kubakora amatara ya LED nabatumiza hanze. Iyi ngingo izatanga ibisobanuro birambuye kubyangombwa bisabwa kumatara ya LED kumasoko atandukanye.
Gukenera LED Icyemezo
Ku isi hose, ibihugu byashyizeho ibisabwa bikomeye ku mutekano, imikorere no kurengera ibidukikije amatara ya LED. Kubona ibyemezo, ntibishobora gusa kuba byiza numutekano wibicuruzwa, ariko kandi birashobora kugera kumasoko yisi yose.
Ibikurikira nimpamvu nyinshi zingenzi zerekana icyemezo cya LED itara:
1. Kwemeza umutekano wibicuruzwa
Amatara ya LED arimo tekinoroji zitandukanye nkamashanyarazi, optique nubushyuhe mugihe cyo gukoresha. Icyemezo kirashobora kurinda umutekano wibicuruzwa mugihe cyo gukoresha no kwirinda ibihe bibi nkumuzunguruko mugufi nubushyuhe bukabije.
2. Kuzuza ibisabwa kugirango umuntu agere ku isoko
Ibihugu n'uturere dutandukanye bifite ibipimo byibicuruzwa nibisabwa n'amategeko. Binyuze mu cyemezo, ibicuruzwa birashobora kwinjira neza ku isoko ryagenewe kandi birinda ifungwa rya gasutamo cyangwa ihazabu kubera kutubahiriza ibisabwa.
3. Kuzamura ikirango
Icyemezo ni gihamya yubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa. Amatara ya LED yabonye ibyemezo mpuzamahanga birashoboka cyane ko yizera abaguzi n’abakiriya b’ubucuruzi, bityo bikamenyekanisha ibicuruzwa no guhangana ku isoko.
Ubwoko bwa LED Itanga Impamyabumenyi
1. Icyemezo cya CE (EU)
Icyemezo cya CE ni "pasiporo" yo kwinjira ku isoko ry’Uburayi. Umuryango w'ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi urasaba cyane umutekano, ubuzima no kurengera ibidukikije ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga. Ikimenyetso cya CE cyerekana ko ibicuruzwa byujuje ibyangombwa byibanze byubuyobozi bwa EU.
Ibipimo ngenderwaho bikurikizwa: Ibipimo ngenderwaho bya CE byemeza amatara ya LED ni Amabwiriza ya Voltage Ntoya (LVD 2014/35 / EU) hamwe nubuyobozi bwa Electromagnetic Compatibility Directeur (EMC 2014/30 / EU).
Ibikenewe: Nibisabwa itegeko ryisoko ryu Burayi. Ibicuruzwa bidafite icyemezo cya CE ntibishobora kugurishwa byemewe n'amategeko.
2. Icyemezo cya RoHS (EU)
Icyemezo cya RoHS kigenzura cyane cyane ibintu byangiza mubicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki n’amashanyarazi, kureba ko amatara ya LED adafite imiti yangiza nka gurş, mercure, kadmium, nibindi birenze imipaka yagenwe.
Ibipimo bikurikizwa: Amabwiriza ya RoHS (2011/65 / EU) agabanya ikoreshwa ryibintu byangiza.
Kurongora (Pb)
Mercure (Hg)
Cadmium (Cd)
Chromium ya Hexavalent (Cr6 +)
Polifromine biphenyls (PBBs)
Polybromine diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)
Ibisabwa byo kurengera ibidukikije: Iki cyemezo gihuye n’ibikorwa byo kurengera ibidukikije ku isi, bigabanya ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije, kandi bigira ingaruka nziza ku ishusho y’ikirango.
3. Icyemezo cya UL (USA)
Icyemezo cya UL kirageragezwa kandi gitangwa na Laboratoire ya Underwriters muri Amerika kugirango hamenyekane umutekano wibicuruzwa kandi urebe ko amatara ya LED atazatera ibibazo byamashanyarazi cyangwa umuriro mugihe cyo kuyakoresha.
Ibipimo bikurikizwa: UL 8750 (bisanzwe kubikoresho bya LED).
Ibikenewe: Nubwo icyemezo cya UL atari itegeko muri Amerika, kubona iki cyemezo bifasha kuzamura irushanwa no kwizerwa kubicuruzwa ku isoko ry’Amerika.
4. Icyemezo cya FCC (USA)
Icyemezo cya FCC (Federal Communication Commission) kireba ibicuruzwa byose bya elegitoronike birimo imyuka ya electronique, harimo n'amatara ya LED. Iki cyemezo cyemeza ko electromagnetic ihuza ibicuruzwa kandi ntibibangamira imikorere isanzwe yibindi bikoresho bya elegitoroniki.
Igipimo gikurikizwa: FCC Igice cya 15.
Ibikenewe: Amatara ya LED yagurishijwe muri Amerika agomba kuba yemejwe na FCC, cyane cyane amatara ya LED afite imikorere idahwitse.
5. Icyemezo cy'inyenyeri Ingufu (USA)
Ingufu z'Ingufu ni icyemezo cy’ingufu zitezimbere hamwe n’ikigo cy’Amerika gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije n’ishami ry’ingufu, cyane cyane ku bicuruzwa bizigama ingufu. Amatara ya LED yabonye ibyemezo byingufu zishobora kugabanya gukoresha ingufu, kuzigama ibiciro byamashanyarazi, no kugira ubuzima burebure.
Ibipimo bifatika: Inyenyeri Yingufu SSL V2.1 isanzwe.
Ibyiza byisoko: Ibicuruzwa byatsinze icyemezo cyingufu zinyenyeri birashimishije cyane kumasoko kuko abaguzi bakunda kugura ibicuruzwa bitanga ingufu.
6. Icyemezo cya CCC (Ubushinwa)
CCC (Icyemezo cy’Ubushinwa) ni icyemezo giteganijwe ku isoko ry’Ubushinwa, kigamije kurinda umutekano, kubahiriza no kurengera ibidukikije ku bicuruzwa. Ibicuruzwa byose bya elegitoronike byinjira ku isoko ry’Ubushinwa, harimo amatara ya LED, bigomba gutsinda icyemezo cya CCC.
Ibipimo bikurikizwa: GB7000.1-2015 nibindi bipimo.
Ibikenewe: Ibicuruzwa bitabonye icyemezo cya CCC ntibishobora kugurishwa ku isoko ry’Ubushinwa kandi bizaryozwa amategeko.
7. Icyemezo cya SAA (Ositaraliya)
Icyemezo cya SAA nicyemezo giteganijwe muri Ositaraliya kubwumutekano wibicuruzwa byamashanyarazi. Amatara ya LED yabonye icyemezo cya SAA arashobora kwinjira mumasoko ya Australiya.
Ibipimo bikurikizwa: AS / NZS 60598 bisanzwe.
8. Icyemezo cya PSE (Ubuyapani)
PSE nicyemezo cyumutekano giteganijwe mubuyapani kubicuruzwa bitandukanye byamashanyarazi nkamatara ya LED. JET Corporation itanga iki cyemezo hakurikijwe amategeko y’umutekano w’Ubuyapani (Amategeko ya DENAN).
Byongeye kandi, iki cyemezo kigenewe cyane cyane ibikoresho byamashanyarazi nkamatara ya LED kugirango ubuziranenge bwubahirize ibipimo by’umutekano w’Ubuyapani. Gahunda yo gutanga ibyemezo ikubiyemo gusuzuma no gusuzuma amatara ya LED kugirango bapime imikorere yabo nibipimo byumutekano.
9. Icyemezo cya CSA (Kanada)
Icyemezo cya CSA gitangwa n’ishyirahamwe ry’ubuziranenge bwa Kanada, urwego rushinzwe kugenzura ibikorwa bya Kanada. Uru rwego ruzwi ku rwego mpuzamahanga ruzobereye mu gupima ibicuruzwa no gushyiraho ibipimo nganda by’inganda.
Byongeye kandi, icyemezo cya CSA ntabwo ari uburyo bukenewe bwo kugenzura amatara ya LED kugirango abeho mu nganda, ariko abayikora barashobora gusuzuma ku bushake amatara yabo ya LED kugirango barebe ko yujuje ubuziranenge bw’inganda. Iki cyemezo kirashobora kongera ikizere cyamatara ya LED muruganda.
10. ERP (EU)
Icyemezo cya ErP nacyo gisanzwe cyashyizweho n’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ku bicuruzwa bitanga urumuri rwa diode. Byongeye kandi, iki cyemezo cyateguwe hagamijwe guteza imbere ibidukikije no gukoresha neza ingufu mu gishushanyo mbonera no gukora ibicuruzwa byose bitwara ingufu, nk'amatara ya LED. Amabwiriza ya ErP ashyiraho ibipimo ngenderwaho bikenewe kugirango amatara ya LED abeho mu nganda.
11. GS
Icyemezo cya GS nicyemezo cyumutekano. Icyemezo cya GS nicyemezo kizwi cyane cyumutekano kumatara ya LED mubihugu byuburayi nku Budage. Byongeye kandi, ni uburyo bwigenga bwo gutanga ibyemezo byemeza ko amatara ya LED agomba kuba yujuje ubuziranenge nibisabwa.
Itara rya LED rifite ibyemezo bya GS ryerekana ko ryageragejwe kandi ryubahiriza amabwiriza yose y’umutekano. Irerekana ko urumuri rwa LED rwanyuze mu cyiciro gikomeye cyo gusuzuma kandi rukurikiza amahame y’umutekano ateganijwe. Icyemezo gikubiyemo ibintu bitandukanye byumutekano nko gutekinika, umutekano wamashanyarazi, no kurinda umuriro, ubushyuhe bukabije, n’umuriro w'amashanyarazi.
12. VDE
Icyemezo cya VDE nicyemezo cyubahwa kandi kizwi cyane kumatara ya LED. Icyemezo gishimangira ko urumuri rwa LED rwubahiriza amabwiriza y’ubuziranenge n’umutekano by’ibihugu by’Uburayi, harimo n’Ubudage. VDE ni urwego rwigenga rugenzura rusuzuma kandi rugatanga ibyemezo kubicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki n'amatara.
Byongeye kandi, amatara ya LED yemewe na VDE akora icyiciro gikomeye cyo gusuzuma no kugerageza kugirango barebe ko byujuje ubuziranenge, imikorere, n’umutekano.
13. BS
Icyemezo cya BS nicyemezo cyamatara ya LED yatanzwe na BSI. Iki cyemezo ni icy'umwihariko kubahiriza amahame y'Ubwongereza ku mikorere, umutekano ndetse n'ubwiza bw'amatara mu Bwongereza. Iki cyemezo cya BS gikubiyemo ibintu bitandukanye byamatara ya LED nkingaruka zibidukikije, umutekano wamashanyarazi nibipimo ngenderwaho.
Icyemezo cy'urumuri rwa LED ntabwo ari inzitizi yo kwinjira ku bicuruzwa byinjira ku isoko, ahubwo ni n'ingwate y'ibicuruzwa n'umutekano. Ibihugu n'uturere dutandukanye bifite ibyangombwa bisabwa kugirango amatara ya LED. Mugihe cyo guteza imbere no kugurisha ibicuruzwa, ababikora bagomba guhitamo ibyemezo bikwiye bishingiye kumategeko nubuziranenge bwisoko rigenewe. Ku isoko ryisi yose, kubona ibyemezo ntabwo bifasha gusa kubahiriza ibicuruzwa, ahubwo binatezimbere irushanwa ryibicuruzwa no kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa, bishyiraho urufatiro rukomeye rwiterambere rirambye ryikigo.
Saba gusoma
Niba uri mubucuruzi, Urashobora Gukunda
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-07-2024