Itara ry'imigano, kubera gukoresha imigano, ibikoresho bidasanzwe bikozwe, kuburyo bifite ibyiza bitandukanye byimigano, biramba, biremereye, byoroshye. Ntabwo ari amatara ya chandelier gusa, ahubwo nubukorikori bwiza. Guhitamo imigano nkibikoresho fatizo byo gukora amatara n'amatara byangiza ibidukikije. Igishushanyo cyaitaraikomatanya ibihangano byubukorikori byabashinwa, bigezweho na gakondo, byoroshye, ibyiciro bitandukanye, ingaruka zubuhanzi, kandi bizana abantu gutungurwa gutunguranye.
Inkomoko yacu yo kuboha imigano
Dukurikije imibare y’ubucukuzi, abantu bamaze gutangira gutura, bakoraga ubuhinzi bworoshye n’umusaruro w’amatungo, kandi iyo habaga hari umuceri mwinshi n’ibigori ndetse no guhiga ibiryo, babikaga ibiryo n’amazi yo kunywa kugira ngo babikeneye rimwe na rimwe. Muri iki gihe, bakoresheje amashoka atandukanye yamabuye, ibyuma byamabuye nibindi bikoresho kugirango batemye amashami yibimera hanyuma babiboheye mubiseke, ibiseke nibindi bikoresho. Mu myitozo, wasangaga imigano yumye, yoroheje, iturika, yoroheje kandi ikomeye, kandi ishobora kuboha byoroshye, bikomeye kandi biramba. Rero, imigano yabaye ibikoresho byingenzi byo gutegura ubwato muri kiriya gihe.
Ububumbyi bw'Abashinwa nabwo bwatangiye mu gihe cya Neolithic, kandi imiterere yabyo yari ifitanye isano rya bugufi no gutegura imigano. Abakurambere batabishaka basanze ibikoresho bikozwe mu ibumba bitari byoroshye kwinjira mu mazi kandi ko byashoboraga gufata amazi nyuma yo gutwikwa n'umuriro. Igitebo rero gikozwe mu migano na rattan cyakoreshwaga nk'icyitegererezo, hanyuma imbere n'inyuma y'agaseke basize ibumba kugira ngo bakore imigano na taupe irushye. Yatetse ku muriro kugirango akore ibikoresho. Nyuma, igihe abantu bakoraga insoro zitandukanye zakozwe mu ibumba, bahagaritse gukoresha imyenda y'imigano. Nyamara, bari bagikunda cyane imiterere ya geometrike yaimigano na rattan, kandi bazashushanya ubuso bwa pellet yububiko hamwe nibishushanyo bigana ibyibiseke, ibiseke, matelas, nibindi bitambara biboheye babisiga hejuru muburyo bwumye.
Mu ngoma ya Yin na Shang mu Bushinwa, imigano naamatara yo kubohaimiterere yabaye myinshi. Mu icapiro ryibumba ryagaragaye ku gishushanyo cya chevron, umuceri, ishusho yinyuma, imiterere yumuraba nubundi buryo. Mu bihe by'Impeshyi n'Ibihe n'Intambara mu bihe, ikoreshwa ry'imigano ryaraguwe, kandi kuboha imigano bigenda bitera imbere buhoro buhoro nk'ubukorikori, kandi impumuro nziza yo gushushanya imigano yo kuboha imigano yarushijeho gukomera, no kuboha bigenda birushaho kuba byiza.
Igihe cy’ibihugu by’intambara nacyo cyabyaye umuntu witangiye kwiga tekinike yo kuboha imigano, ni Taishan.
Ubuhanga bwo kuboha Chu mugihe cyibihugu byintambara nabwo bwateye imbere cyane, bwacukuwe ni: mato y'imigano, umwenda w'imigano, imigano soo (ni ukuvuga agasanduku k'imigano), umufana w'imigano, agaseke k'imigano, agaseke k'imigano, n'ibiseke n'ibindi hafi ibice ijana .
Ku ngoma ya Qin na Han, kuboha imigano byakurikije ubuhanga bwo kuboha leta ya Chu. 1980, abacukuzi bacu bacukuye muri Xi'an "Ubwato bwa bronze bwa Qin Ling" hamwe na chevron yashizwe hasi, nk’uko isesengura ry’impuguke ribigaragaza, ubu buryo bwa chevron bushingiye ku migano iboheye imigano iboheye ya chevron.
Byongeye,kuboha imiganoyakozwe kandi mubikinisho byabana nabanyabukorikori babahanga. Ibirori by'itara byakwirakwijwe mu bantu kuva ku ngoma ya Tang kandi byamenyekanye cyane mu ngoma y'indirimbo. Bamwe mu banyacyubahiro bari guha akazi abakora amatara kugirango bakore amatara meza. Imwe murimwe ni ugukoresha imigano gabion kugirango uhambire amagufwa hanyuma ushireho silike cyangwa impapuro zamabara kuri peripheri. Bamwe muribo nabo bari barimbishijwe ubudodo bw'imigano.
Amatara y’ikiyoka yatangiriye mu 202 mbere ya Yesu kandi yamenyekanye cyane mu 960.Umutwe n’umubiri w’ikiyoka ahanini bikozwe mu migano y’imigano, kandi umunzani uri kuri cya kiyoka ukunze guhambira ku budodo bw'imigano.
Hariho kandi opera ntoya ya rubanda yitwa "gukina imigano". Yatanzwe kuva ku ngoma ya Sui na Tang. Imikorere yikinamico ifitanye isano nifarasi, nka "Zhaogun avuye mu gihome" nibindi, abakinnyi batwara ifarashi ikozwe mumigano.
Ingoma ya mbere ya Ming, agace ka Jiangnan bakora umwuga wo kuboha imigano bakomeje kwiyongera, bazerera mu mihanda no mumihanda gutunganya inzu ku nzu. Imigano y'imigano, ibiseke by'imigano, agasanduku k'imigano ni ubuhanga bukomeye bwo kuboha imigano. Cyane cyane kuboha imigano nibyo bizwi cyane. Imigano y'amazi ya Yiyang yashinzwe mu mpera za Yuan no ku ngoma ya mbere ya Ming.
Hagati y'ingoma ya Ming, ikoreshwa ry'ububoshyi bw'imigano ryarushijeho kwaguka, kuboha byinshi kandi binini, ariko kandi na lacquer hamwe nibindi bikorwa byahujwe no gukora ibikoresho byinshi byo hejuru byimigano. Nkibisanduku byo gusiga amarangi yo guha agaciro amashusho hamwe n’imyandikire, udusanduku duto tuzengurutse gufata imitako, nagasanduku nini yo gushyira ibiryo.
"Agasanduku k'umukara lacquer bamboo yambitswe agasanduku" yari ubwoko bw'imigano iboheshejwe agasanduku gakoreshwa na guverinoma hamwe n'inkone mu ngoma ya Ming.
Mugihe cyingoma ya Ming na Qing, cyane cyane nyuma yigihe cya Qianlong, gahunda yo kuboha imigano yaratejwe imbere. Ibitebo by'imigano byagaragaye muri Jiangsu na Zhejiang.
Kuva mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19 kugeza mu 1930, ubukorikori bwo kuboha imigano bwateye imbere mu majyepfo y'Ubushinwa. Ubuhanga bwo kuboha imigano nuburyo bwo kuboha bwarakozwe neza kandi buhuzwa hamwe nuburyo burenga 150 bwububoshyi.
Nyuma ya 1937, munsi y'icyuma cy'ingabo z'Abayapani zateye, abahanzi bo kuboha imigano bashyize amaboko hasi kugira ngo bakore ubundi bucuruzi, abahanzi bake gusa mu rusengero rwa kera kugira ngo bakomeze ubukorikori bwo kuboha imigano.
Intambara imaze gutsinda, ubuhanzi bwo kuboha imigano bwagiye busubukurwa buhoro buhoro, kandi nyuma ya 1950, ubuhanzi bwo kuboha imigano bwatangiye kumenyekana kumugaragaro nkigice cy’inganda z’ubukorikori n’ubukorikori, bwinjira mu cyumba cy’ubuhanzi. Abahanzi bafite ubuhanga buke bwo kuboha imigano nabo bagaragaye ari benshi, bamwe muribo banasuzumwe ku myanya ya tekinike y "umunyabukorikori" n "" umunyabukorikori mukuru ". Bahawe izina ry'icyubahiro rya "Ubushinwa n'Ubukorikori bw'Ubushinwa" na "Umwigisha w'imigano w'Abashinwa".
Nyuma yo kwinjira mu kinyejana cya 21, kuboha imigano byatakaje buhoro buhoro isoko ryabyo, kandi ubuhanga bwo kuboha bwabaye "umurage ndangamuco udasanzwe". Ariko, hariho abahanzi benshi baboha imigano baracyakomeza ubudacogora bakurikirana ibihangano bishya, kandi ibikorwa bishya bigenda bigaragara buhoro buhoro.
Amateka yiterambere ryamatara
Amatara y'imigano bakunze kwita amatara y'imigano asobanutse,amatara yubuhanzi, nibindi, kandi bifite amateka maremare. Hejuru kare cyane, itara ry'imigano ni itara ryoroshye, abantu bakoresha ibiranga imigano kugezakora itara ryoroshyekugirango abantu bakoreshe. Mu myaka yashize, kubera igishushanyo cy’amatara yimigano, guhuza ibintu bya kera byuburyo bwubushinwa, kuburyo byatangiye kwitabwaho no gukundwa nabenshi mubaguzi. Kubera imiterere yihariye yubuhanzi, yatangiye kumenyekana no kumenyera abantu, cyane cyane urukurikirane rwamatara yimigano yubushinwa, aribicuruzwa byamatara yimigano abantu bahitamo kenshi.
Igikorwa cyo kuboha imigano gishobora kugabanywa muburyo butatu: gutangira, kuboha no gufunga. Mubikorwa byo kuboha, uburyo bwo kuboha no kuboha nuburyo bukuru. Hishimikijwe kuboha imyenda no kuboha, birashobora kandi guhuzwa nubuhanga butandukanye, nka: kuboha gake, gushiramo, kwinjira, gukata, gufunga, imisumari, karuvati, gushiraho, nibindi, kugirango ibishushanyo bibe bitandukanye. Ibicuruzwa bigomba guhuzwa nandi mabara bikozwe mubice bisize irangi imigano cyangwa imigozi yimigano ifatanye hamwe kugirango ikore ibintu bitandukanye bitandukanye, byiza kandi bifite amabara.
Ibicuruzwa bikozwe mu migano bikoresha gusa hejuru y’imigano, fibre iba yuzuye, kandi mugihe kimwe, ubuvuzi bwihariye, burashobora kwihanganira gukama, ntibuhindurwe, ntabwo ari udukoko, amazi arashobora kwezwa.
Kuboha imigano gakondo bifite amateka maremare. Kuboha imigano gakondo bifite amateka maremare, bikungahaye kuri kristalisiti yimirimo itoroshye yabakozi bakora, ubukorikori bwo kuboha imigano bugabanijwemo ubukorikori bwiza bwa siliku nubukorikori bubi bwimigano. Uburyo butandukanye bwaimigano yo kuboha imigano ikorazerekanwa mubuhanga gakondo.
Agaciro k'umuco w'amatara
1.Mu isura nziza ni umuco wimbitse wo kuboha imigano: ubumwe bwijuru numuntu mubitekerezo byo kurema.
2. imiganoitaraubukorikori kuva mu gutoranya ibikoresho kugeza mubikorwa byo gutegura, buri gikorwa kigomba kuba cyuzuye neza, igihe cyo gukusanya imigano gikunze kwibasirwa nudukoko cyangwa imigano yanduye, guhitamo imigano bigena imiterere yimigano, bityo bikagaragaza ingorane zo gutegura.XINSANXING itara ryiboheyen'urwego rw'ubwiza.
3. imiganoitaragutoranya ibikoresho byigihe, akarere, uburyo gakondo bwo kuboha imigano, urwego rwo kubyaza umusaruro amaherezo rugena itara ryamatara niba ibikoresho ari byiza kandi bihanga. Nubwo kuboha imigano gakondo bidafatwa nkigitangaza, ariko biragaragaza cyane imyumvire gakondo yubushinwa bwo kurema "ubumwe bwabantu na kamere" bushimangirwa nigitekerezo cyo guhuza no guhuza umuco numuntu na kamere.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-25-2021